The multi-year drawdown after the 2017 ICO top that wiped most altcoin valuations.

The chain from Terra to 3AC to Celsius, Voyager, Genesis, BlockFi, and FTX where one failure forced the next.

Terra's flagship yield product that paid high stable yields on UST deposits, accelerating the 2022 death spiral when confidence broke.

Play-to-earn game whose scholarship economy boomed then busted; its Ronin bridge was later hacked.

The 2021 Christie's sale of Beeple's Everydays collage that mainstreamed NFT price headlines.

Kingdom reported to mine BTC with hydro power, an early nation-state mining story.

Hot-wallet theft of about 7,000 BTC. Binance covered users via its SAFU fund narrative.

The psychological round-number milestone traders treated as a cycle marker in the mid-2020s bull market.

Bitcoin's late-2021 peak near $69k before the 2022 bear market.

New highs in 2024 after spot ETF launches and cycle momentum, breaking the 2021 peak.

A temporary Bitcoin consensus split caused by differing block-handling behavior between software versions, documented in BIP-50.

Facebook's original wallet brand for Libra, later rebranded toward Novi.

Former Alameda CEO whose testimony was central to the FTX criminal cases.

A CeFi lender that froze withdrawals in 2022 and entered bankruptcy after risky yield strategies.

Ethereum co-founder who later launched Cardano.

China's crackdown that forced hashrate migration overseas and briefly crashed Bitcoin before recovery.

Theft of NEM from the Japanese exchange Coincheck, one of the largest exchange losses of that era.

The broad risk-off collapse in March 2020 that sent BTC briefly toward the $3k to $4k zone before the later bull market.

The 2020 explosion of yield farming, AMMs, and governance tokens led by Compound, Uniswap, and Yearn.

The 2021 crest of total value locked across DeFi before rates, hacks, and the 2022 bust deflated deposits.

The 2024 Ethereum upgrade that enabled blob data (EIP-4844) and cheapened rollup posting.

The rebranded Libra project under the Diem Association. Wound down after failing to win U.S. regulatory clearance; talent later seeded Aptos and related efforts.

The Geneva-based consortium that was meant to govern the Diem network independent of Meta.

Japanese exchange loss of thousands of BTC in 2024, among the year's largest CEX thefts before Bybit.

Terraform Labs co-founder, central figure of the LUNA/UST collapse and later legal pursuit.

2021 legal-tender experiment for Bitcoin, plus government accumulation and IMF negotiation drama.

Nigeria's CBDC experiment, often contrasted with grassroots stablecoin and Bitcoin usage.

A high-profile 2017 to 2018 smart-contract project that raised a record ICO and later faded from leadership.

Years of U.S. spot Bitcoin ETF denials before the 2024 approvals, shaping the GBTC premium/discount saga.

Ether's 2021 peak near $4.8k, still the reference high for many cycle charts years later.

The chain that rejected the DAO bailout fork and kept the original Ethereum history.

The Prague-Electra Ethereum upgrade activated in May 2025, combining execution-layer and consensus-layer changes including EIP-7702 account delegation.

The November 2022 failure of FTX and Alameda, a defining custody and fraud event for the industry.

As FTX failed, unexplained large withdrawals moved from the platform, compounding customer losses beyond the insolvency itself.

Investments and token deals tied to FTX that complicated bankrupt estate recovery.

The period when FTX and Alameda heavily backed Solana, then nearly killed confidence when they failed.

Ethereum co-founder later behind Polkadot and the Solidity language's early work.

Gemini's yield product that halted redemptions when Genesis froze, tying a branded exchange product to wholesale credit risk.

Digital Currency Group's lending arm that froze withdrawals in 2022 and entered restructuring after 3AC and related losses.

An early Bitcoin contributor and the first known recipient of a Bitcoin transaction from Satoshi.

Richard Heart's HEX staking product and later PulseChain ecosystem, repeatedly contested in marketing, lawsuits, and community fights.

The 2017 wave of token sales that raised billions and invited heavy securities enforcement.

Fee spikes and cultural fights when Bitcoin users inscribed JPEGs and BRC-20s en masse.

Early Mt. Gox and Ripple figure who later co-founded Stellar.

A period when attention and airdrop farming concentrated on Ethereum rollups.

Facebook's 2019 proposed global stablecoin and payment network. Political backlash forced a redesign and eventual shutdown path.