U.S. Automated Clearing House batch payments, cheaper and slower than wires.

Both legs of an exchange succeed or fail together, reducing Herstatt risk.

The Lightning specification for encoding payment requests as signed invoices with fields such as amount, payment hash, description, and expiry.

A Lightning offer format that improves reusable payment requests and privacy versus static invoices.

The official representation of an asset on a chain, usually from the native bridge.

Capacity to send or receive on Lightning depends on how channels are balanced.

Continuous Linked Settlement, the traditional FX PvP utility for major currencies.

Merchant plugins and processors that accept stablecoins or BTC while settling to fiat for sellers.

Delivery versus payment. Asset and cash move together, a goal for tokenized securities systems.

Bearer Chaumian mints for private small payments, often Lightning-connected. Mint trust is the tradeoff.

A federated ecash mint design for community custody with threshold trust.

Settlement risk named after a bank failure where one side of FX paid and the other did not.

Messaging richness banks want. Crypto ledgers can carry memos, but legal interoperability is about gateways, not magic compatibility badges.

Instant Bitcoin transfers over payment channels with low fees when routes are available.

A Lightning routing technique that conceals information about a recipient's route segment using encrypted forwarding instructions and blinded node identifiers.

A business that opens channels and provides liquidity to Lightning users.

A protocol for requesting a Lightning payment invoice from a service through an encoded URL-based interaction.

Offsetting obligations so only residual balances settle, used in traditional clearing and some crypto primes.

Correspondent bank accounts held for cross-border settlement. Crypto ODL tries to reduce pre-funding needs.

Ripple's product that uses XRP as a bridge asset for certain corridors instead of pre-funded nostro accounts.

A transfer that stays inside one institution's ledger, settling without an external rail.

Local peer markets that convert cash to stablecoins without a full exchange KYC on-ramp.

The network that moves value: card schemes, RTGS, stablecoins, or Lightning.

A settlement method where two currency transfers are linked so one cannot complete alone.

The ability to attach conditions to money, the core commercial pitch of smart-contract payments.

The payee debits the payer under a mandate, as with many card and ACH debit flows.

The payer initiates the credit transfer. Cards are often pull-based by contrast.

Cross-border retail money transfer. Crypto and stablecoins compete with traditional operators on speed and cost.

A bill-style payment request the payer approves, common in ISO 20022 and open-banking designs.

Ripple's enterprise payment network connecting financial institutions, distinct from the public XRPL.

Single Euro Payments Area. Euro credit transfers and direct debits across participating countries.

The moment a payment can no longer be unilaterally reversed under the system's rules.

The entity that mints and redeems a fiat-pegged token and holds or manages reserves.

Paying remote workers in USDC or similar to avoid slow correspondent banking.

Using dollar tokens plus local off-ramps to move value across borders faster or cheaper than legacy corridors.

SWIFT's tracking layer for cross-border payments, improving visibility before full ISO 20022 migration.

Same-day or instant settlement. Crypto spot is closer to this than stock T+1, which matters for ETF ops.

Dollar stablecoin settlement for B2B and internet commerce, often via Circle and banking partners.

A claim on an asset locked elsewhere, such as WBTC. Wrapper risk sits on top of asset risk.