Caps on how fast value can leave a protocol, buying time during exploits.

Fraudsters who claim they can recover hacked funds for an upfront fee.

A contract flaw where an external call re-enters before state updates, used in classic DeFi hacks.

Independent parties can rebuild the same binary from source, raising trust in wallet releases.

Removing a spender's allowance via Etherscan, Revoke.cash, or a wallet tool.

Long social engineering that ends in fake investment apps. A major fiat-to-crypto crime pattern.

Underlying collateral pledged twice off-chain while tokens still trade as if unique.