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英語の原文を読む →A cryptocurrency tumbler or cryptocurrency mixing service is a service that mixes potentially identifiable or "tainted" cryptocurrency funds with others, so as to obscure the trail back to the fund's original source. This is usually done by pooling together source funds from multiple inputs for a large and random period of time, and then spitting them back out to destination addresses. As all the funds are lumped together and then distributed at random times, it is very difficult to trace exact coins.
Tumblers have arisen to improve the anonymity of cryptocurrencies, usually bitcoin (hence bitcoin mixer), since the digital currencies provide a public ledger of all transactions. Due to its goal of anonymity, tumblers have been used to money launder cryptocurrency.
Tumblers take a percentage transaction fee of the total coins mixed to turn a profit, typically 1–3%. Mixing helps protect privacy and can also be used for money laundering by mixing illegally obtained funds. Mixing large amounts of money may be illegal, being in violation of anti-structuring laws. Financial crimes author Jeffrey Robinson has suggested tumblers should be criminalized due to their potential use in illegal activities, specifically funding terrorism; however, a report from the CTC suggests such use in terrorism-related activities is "relatively limited".
There has been at least one incident where an exchange has blacklisted "tainted" deposits descending from stolen bitcoins.
The existence of tumblers has made the anonymous use of darknet markets easier and the job of law enforcement harder.
Peer-to-peer tumblers act as a place of meeting for bitcoin users, instead of taking bitcoins for mixing. Users arrange mixing by themselves. This model solves the problem of stealing, as there is no middleman. When it is completely formed, the exchange of bitcoins between the participants begins. Apart from mixing server, none of the participants can know the connection between the incoming and outgoing addresses of coins.
In December 2013, cryptocurrency tumbler Bitcoin Fog was used to launder a part of the 96,000 BTC from the robbery of Sheep Marketplace.
In February 2015, a total of 7,170 Bitcoin was stolen from the Chinese exchange Bter.com and traced back to the same tumbler.
In May 2019, FinCEN published a Guidance document that mentioned anonymizing services and mentioned particularly "tumblers".
次の資料から選び、書式を調整: Cryptocurrency tumbler。執筆は各寄稿者、ライセンスは CC BY-SA 4.0. 改訂版 1374116592。 節と書式は簡略化されています。全体の背景と寄稿履歴は、リンク先の改訂版で確認できます。この参考文は元と同じライセンスを維持します。追加の引用リンクはその版から取り込んだもので、ここでは独立に確認していません。