A structured way to evaluate cryptographic research by separating its question, formal model, construction, evidence and limits from claims about a deployed product.

Ask where yield comes from: fees, emissions, or new depositors.

Practice restoring a wallet from seed on a spare device before you ever need it in a panic.

George Soros-style feedback where rising prices create narratives that create more rising prices, until they reverse.

An accountant's report on reserve balances at a point in time. Narrower than a full financial audit.

Position size, leverage limits, and invalidation levels decided before entry.

Vitalik's framework for rollup maturity from training wheels to full permissionlessness.

Basics every user needs: seed secrecy, URL checks, and never signing blind approvals.

Write the seed offline, verify receive addresses, and practice a small recovery before moving size.

Know issuer, reserves, attestation, and redemption path before treating a dollar token as cash.

Households and firms abroad holding USDT/USDC as a practical dollar account when local banking fails them.

Critics argue S2F overfits history and fails when demand and ETF flows dominate.

An asset held to preserve purchasing power across time. Crypto SV narratives compete with gold and bonds.

Argument that ETF and nation-state demand permanently changed Bitcoin's four-year cycle. Still contested.

Send a tiny amount first on a new address, chain, or bridge.

Automated contract scanners that flag taxes, mint roles, and similar. False positives and negatives exist.

What the token is actually for: gas, governance, collateral, access, or nothing but speculation.

Admin keys and security councils that can override a young rollup. Honest docs list them.

Pricing goods in an asset. Almost no economy prices in BTC; mostly USD and local fiat.

A shorthand history: static pages, then platform silos, then crypto-enabled ownership narratives.

Crypto trades 24/7 while TradFi sleeps, so Monday equity opens can gap after Sunday crypto moves.

The founding technical or economic document for a protocol. Read incentives and trust assumptions, not just vision slides.

A formal technical specification, famously Ethereum's, denser than a marketing whitepaper.