A decentralized application whose backend logic runs in smart contracts and whose users keep their own keys.

A proof, created with a private key, that a specific message was authorized by the key holder.

A shared database replicated across many machines, of which a blockchain is one design.

Distributed ledger technology. The broader category that includes blockchains and other shared ledgers.

Binding a cryptographic message to a specific application, protocol, network, or purpose so that matching data is not confused across contexts.

Attempting to spend the same coins in two conflicting transactions. Consensus exists to make this fail.