A U.S. wealth or income test that gates many private crypto and RWA offerings.

Anti-money-laundering controls: monitoring, reporting, and blocking illicit flows.

An Alternative Trading System, a U.S. SEC-registered venue that can match securities without being a full national exchange.

The U.S. anti-money-laundering statute that requires financial institutions, including many crypto platforms, to know customers and file reports.

New York's state license for virtual-currency businesses, among the earliest U.S. crypto licensing regimes.

A U.S. firm licensed to effect securities transactions for customers or for its own account.

The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which oversees commodity derivatives and has treated Bitcoin and ether as commodities.

The Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025, H.R.3633, a U.S. House-origin market-structure bill with subsequent Senate consideration.

A currency transaction report for large cash moves. Crypto analogs appear as threshold transfer reports.

The EU Digital Operational Resilience Act, which sets cyber and outsourcing rules for financial entities including many CASPs.

The Financial Action Task Force. The intergovernmental body whose recommendations drive AML and Travel Rule rules worldwide.

The UK Financial Conduct Authority, which registers crypto firms for AML and is expanding a fuller crypto regime.

The U.S. central bank. It supervises large banks, runs wholesale payment rails, and researches a potential digital dollar.

The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, the U.S. Treasury bureau that writes AML rules and receives suspicious activity reports.

The U.S. Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act, a House-passed bill that would split CFTC and SEC oversight of digital assets.

International policy recommendations for consistent regulation, supervision, and oversight of crypto-asset activities and relevant stablecoin arrangements.

The EU data-protection law. On-chain permanence collides with erasure rights, a standing compliance tension.

The U.S. payment-stablecoin law enacted as Public Law 119-27 on July 18, 2025, establishing an issuer and supervisory framework with implementation provisions.

The U.S. Supreme Court test for an investment contract: money, a common enterprise, and an expectation of profit from the efforts of others.

A U.S. law regulating investment companies, including many mutual funds and ETFs; U.S. spot Bitcoin and ether commodity-trust ETPs do not register under this Act.

Know Your Customer. Collecting and verifying identity before opening an account, required of most regulated venues.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore, a major licensing venue for crypto and digital-asset service providers in Asia.

Markets in Crypto-Assets, the EU regulation that licenses crypto issuers and service providers and sets rules for stablecoins.

A MiCA category for a crypto-asset that seeks to maintain a stable value by referencing one official currency.

A service that pools and shuffles coins to hide the link between sender and receiver. Heavily sanctioned and prosecuted.

A state-licensed business that transmits value for customers. Many U.S. exchanges hold these licenses.

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the U.S. national-bank regulator, which has issued guidance on crypto custody and stablecoin reserves.

An international framework for collecting and exchanging information about specified crypto-asset transactions for tax transparency.

The U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control. It publishes sanctions lists that exchanges and mixers have been charged with violating.

A regulated entity that can hold assets for U.S. advisers under custody rules.

A U.S. mini-IPO exemption some tokenized-equity issuers have tried to use.

A U.S. exemption used for private securities offerings, including many token sales to accredited investors.

Legal prohibitions on dealing with listed people, entities, or jurisdictions. On-chain, this often means frozen addresses.

A suspicious activity or suspicious transaction report filed with a financial-intelligence unit.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which polices securities offerings, exchanges, and advisers.

The U.S. law that requires registration or an exemption before securities are offered to the public.

The U.S. law that governs exchanges, brokers, and ongoing disclosure for public securities.