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Russia's domestic SWIFT alternative for bank messages.
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영어 원문 읽기 →The System for Transfer of Financial Messages (Russian: Система передачи финансовых сообщений, romanized: Sistema peredachi finansovykh soobscheniy), abbreviated SPFS (Russian: СПФС), is a Russian equivalent of the SWIFT financial transfer system, developed by the Central Bank of Russia. The system has been in development since 2014, when the United States government threatened to disconnect the Russian Federation from the SWIFT system.
Since June 2024 the system is banned by the European Council for EU banks outside Russia, and in an alert issued in November 2024 the US OFAC warned that institutions that join the system after the issuance of this alert will be subject to aggressive targeting.
The first transaction on the SPFS network involving a non-bank enterprise was executed in December 2017. In March 2018, over 400 institutions (mostly banks) were part of the network.
The Russian Government was also in talks to expand SPFS to developing countries such as Turkey and Iran. As of 2018, owing to its limitations, the SPFS system was seen as a last resort, rather than as a full replacement for the SWIFT network. Since 2019 many agreements have been reached to link SPFS to other countries' payment systems in China, India, Iran, as well as the countries inside the EAEU who are planning to use SPFS directly.
At the end of 2020, there were 23 foreign banks connected to the SPFS from Armenia, Belarus, Germany, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Switzerland.
As summarized by academic Tim Beal, SPFS is among the responses to sanctions imposed by the United States viewed by commentators as contributing to dedollarization.
The US authorities consider SPFS as a system created to help diminish the effects of sanctions imposed on Russian entities and individuals. In an alert issued on November 21, 2024, they made clear that institutions that join the system after the issuance of this alert will be subject to aggressive targeting, and foreign financial institutions should also be cautious of their exposure to other institutions participating in SPFS, which could be helping Russia evade US sanctions.
다음 자료에서 선별하고 재구성했습니다: SPFS, 기여자들이 작성했으며 적용 라이선스는 CC BY-SA 4.0. 개정판 1359460440. 섹션과 서식을 줄였습니다. 연결된 개정판에서 전체 맥락과 기여 기록을 확인할 수 있습니다. 이 참고 문서는 동일한 라이선스를 유지합니다. 추가 인용 링크는 해당 개정판에서 가져왔으며 여기서 별도로 확인하지 않았습니다.