Caps on how fast value can leave a protocol, buying time during exploits.

A bug where a contract is called again before it finishes updating state. The DAO hack's family of bugs.

A contract flaw where an external call re-enters before state updates, used in classic DeFi hacks.

George Soros-style feedback where rising prices create narratives that create more rising prices, until they reverse.

A U.S. mini-IPO exemption some tokenized-equity issuers have tried to use.

A U.S. exemption used for private securities offerings, including many token sales to accredited investors.

Cross-border retail money transfer. Crypto and stablecoins compete with traditional operators on speed and cost.

Rebroadcasting a valid signed transaction on another chain or after a fork so it executes twice.

Independent parties can rebuild the same binary from source, raising trust in wallet releases.

A price area where sellers have repeatedly capped advances.

The company that builds RippleNet payment software and is closely associated with the XRP Ledger and XRP.

Position size, leverage limits, and invalidation levels decided before entry.

A U.S. retail brokerage that added crypto trading alongside stocks and options.

A scaling system that executes transactions outside its settlement chain and publishes commitments plus sufficient data, using fraud proofs or validity proofs to enforce state-transition rules.

Long social engineering that ends in fake investment apps. A major fiat-to-crypto crime pattern.

The underlying bug or process failure, not just the stolen amount headline.

Remote procedure call. The API wallets and apps use to read chain state and broadcast transactions.

The Relative Strength Index, a 0 to 100 oscillator that flags stretched short-term moves.

Real-time gross settlement. Central-bank rails that settle each payment in full, not in net batches.