The ability of chains and apps to pass assets and messages without a trusted spreadsheet in the middle.

A peer-to-peer protocol for finding and exchanging content-addressed data; a content identifier alone does not promise continued hosting.

A derivative commonly quoted in fiat units whose margin and profit or loss are calculated in the underlying cryptocurrency using inverse-price arithmetic.

A U.S. law regulating investment companies, including many mutual funds and ETFs; U.S. spot Bitcoin and ether commodity-trust ETPs do not register under this Act.

Indication of interest. A non-binding hint of size used to find the other side without showing a firm order.

The International Swaps and Derivatives Association, which writes the legal contracts behind most OTC derivatives.

BlackRock's ETF brand, including IBIT and other crypto-linked funds.

A global standard for richer financial messages used by payments, securities, and FX. Several crypto networks market ISO 20022 compatibility for bank rails.

Messaging richness banks want. Crypto ledgers can carry memos, but legal interoperability is about gateways, not magic compatibility badges.

The international codes for currencies (USD, EUR, XAU). Crypto tickers are informal and are not ISO 4217 assignments.