Ethereum's co-founder and the public face of Ethereum research and roadmap communication.

How much price swings. Crypto volatility is typically far higher than large-cap equities.

The notional amount traded over a period. High volume supports a move. Thin volume can fake one.

Locking tokens for a chosen duration so voting power rises with time locked.

A U.S. crypto broker-lender that failed in the 2022 credit cascade.

Volume-weighted average price. A benchmark and an execution style that follows traded volume.

We are gonna make it. The optimistic twin of NGMI.

Optimistic community language that can become toxic denial during a drawdown.

Software or hardware that holds keys and builds transactions. It does not store coins. The chain does.

A malicious contract or site that requests sweeping approvals and empties tokens and NFTs.

A protocol that links mobile wallets to dapps via encrypted sessions. Verify the domain before approving.

The coordinated response channel when a protocol is under active exploit.

Trading with yourself or affiliates to fake volume and rank.

A helper that watches Lightning or channel state so a counterparty cannot cheat while you are offline.

Cross-Consensus Messaging, Polkadot's format for messages between parachains and the relay chain.

The native asset of the XRP Ledger, used for bridging liquidity in cross-border payments and as the chain's fee token.

A fast, federated-consensus ledger launched in 2012, known for payments, issued currencies, and a native DEX.

A yield aggregator that routes deposits into strategies so users do not have to farm by hand.

A formal technical specification, famously Ethereum's, denser than a marketing whitepaper.

Moving capital across protocols to earn fees, emissions, or points. Returns are variable and contracts can break.

A dollar token that passes through Treasury or lending yield, blurring cash and fund product lines.

A Bitcoin-family coin with optional shielded transactions using zk-SNARKs.

A proof that a statement is true without revealing the secret that makes it true.

A rollup that posts a validity proof so L1 can check the new state without re-executing every trade.

A succinct zero-knowledge proof used by Zcash and many ZK rollups to prove a statement without revealing inputs.

A transparent cryptographic argument that can verify a large computation efficiently, with zero-knowledge when the construction includes the required privacy protections.

A protocol and software ecosystem for validity-proof-based chains, including ZKsync Era; a deployment's execution environment, data availability, and settlement configuration determine its actual guarantees.